Control Variates

Recursive Control Variates for Inverse Rendering

Baptiste Nicolet, Fabrice Rousselle, Jan Novák, Alexander Keller, Wenzel Jakob, Thomas Müller

Journal SIGGRAPH 2023 Rendering

Differentiable Rendering Inverse Rendering Control Variates Variance Reduction Monte Carlo

Stochastic Barnes-Hut Approximation for Fast Summation on the GPU

Abhishek Madan, Nicholas Sharp, Francis Williams, Ken Museth, David I. W. Levin

Conference SIGGRAPH 2025 Geometry & Modeling

Fast Summation Barnes-Hut Approximation Monte Carlo Control Variates GPU Winding Number

Vector-Valued Monte Carlo Integration Using Ratio Control Variates

Haolin Lu, Delio Vicini, Wesley Chang, Tzu-Mao Li

Journal meta-only SIGGRAPH 2025 Rendering

Monte Carlo Integration Control Variates Variance Reduction Rendering Inverse Rendering Differentiable Rendering

Spatio-Temporal Control Variates with ReSTIR for Real-Time Rendering

Zhong Shi, Cunhao Wu, Lifan Wu, Kun Xu

Conference SIGGRAPH 2026 Rendering

ReSTIR Real-Time Rendering Control Variates Path Tracing Variance Reduction Monte Carlo Rendering

Imperfect Image-Space Control Variates for Monte Carlo Rendering

Chanu Yang, Bochang Moon

Journal meta-only SIGGRAPH Asia 2025 Rendering

Monte Carlo Rendering Control Variates Variance Reduction Image Space Path Tracing